Seeding depth of timothy should be about 0.3 to 1.3 cm (0.125 to 0.5 in). You can expect yields of 4 or more tons of dry matter per acre under certain conditions. Commodity Planted All Purpose Acres Harvested Acres Yield Production Price per Unit Value of Production in Dollars; CORN: CORN, GRAIN: 1,450,000: 169 BU / ACRE Steve Fransen is a forage specialist with Washington State University – Prosser. The forage is very palatable and nutritious to live stock, though slightly less palatable to cattle than brome grass and Kentucky blue grass. FG. #��� �W8��� �#�^��e�v���v'Y1�k�d�]x�J-*Q�"e�fl��������;�E��?� Apply 50 to 60 lb of N per acre in the spring when the timothy starts to become gree… The optimum nitrogen concentration to maximize profit is 3.15 percent at the vegetative stage with stems 6 inches in length and 3.36 percent at the early boot stage when stems were 26 inches in length. Before fertilizer application, soil was tested at 1-foot increments to determine how many pounds of nitrogen were available. 0000001221 00000 n Land was valued at $400 per acre. All three tools – spring soil test, chlorophyll meter (RCM) and leaf tissue testing – will assist farmers making decisions for in-season adjustments and beginning-season nitrogen fertilizer rates. 0 Assist forage producers in improving profitability and efficiency. Estimated annual yields per acre are: Timothy-Legume Hay 7.0 tons Sweet Corn 9.5 tons Spring Wheat 90 bushels Sudan Grass Hay 7.0 tons Alfalfa Hay 6.25 tons Estimated average prices for crops to the farmer are: Timothy-Legume Hay First cutting Second cutting Sweet Corn Hard Red Spring Wheat Alfalfa Sudan Grass Hay $115.00/ton $85.00/ton The profit calculation was based on a timothy hay price of $225 per ton and $0.50 per pound of actual nitrogen price for urea with a urease inhibitor. Being a … Orchardgrass does not exhibit as much tolerance to drought or winter hardiness as tall fescue and bromegrass. Fertilizer and Nutrient Management of Timothy Hay Timothy has a relatively high demand for nutrients. The optimum nitrogen fertilizer treatment corresponded with a protein level of 9 percent in the hay at harvest. 0000002721 00000 n “That ground may be better suited for hay production.” Brown says using 2019 numbers, it costs about $400 an acre to plant corn on ground that may yield 150 bushels per acre. Hay buyers never change. It is one of the most productive cool-season grasses, tolerant to shade, fairly drought resistant with moderate winter hardiness. When put in these economic terms, the decision should be clear. “That ground may be better suited for hay production.” Brown says using 2019 numbers, it costs about $400 an acre to plant corn on ground that may yield 150 bushels per acre. In western Oregon, low productivity hay pastures typically average around 2 tons, or 4,000 lbs. startxref That hay goes for 4 to 6 bucks a bale in eastern Ontario depending on the year. After ensuring that the plants have dried, a tractor pulling a baler arranges the hay into bales that weigh from 100 to 2800 lbs. The effect of age of Tifton-44 bermudagrass hay on yield and quality1. :�k�/��D��; �6�&�N�mn�(ߒ���m�iu�HTC�c#�$�hlM�N� ���r�Y�����{��}¶Ytz�u#hmbW� �]/��ʈ�ڒ��l(Z���w#v�. <]>> endstream endobj 163 0 obj <>/Size 152/Type/XRef>>stream = $1050. Annual rainfall total and 30-year averages for “wet” y Rates up to 150 seeds/sq foot will give faster initial ground cover but no more yield. Alfalfa gross per acre this year= $1250. Shannon Niebergs is an associate professor with Washington State University – Pullman. Total Cost per Acre $113.88 $116.56 $108.37 $105.46 $103.45 Total Cash Cost per Acre $32.20 $17.14 $17.14 $17.14 $17.14 * Total costs for each pasture system and hay have been calculated to include ownership costs of machinery and land (including a return on investment) as well as a charge for labor. The yield (shown as tons dry matter per acre) range in the seeding year (spring seeding) from the high and low variety in 2005, 2004, and 2003 was 4.6 vs. 3.9, 2.4 vs. 1.6, and 4.4 vs. 3.2, respectively. ; Figure 1). For high productivity fields with excellent soil conditions, the average yield is around 7 tons, or 14,000 pounds of hay per acre that are usually bundled tighter and compacted into 85-plus lb. First-cutting timothy hay for export is harvested at anthesis stage (first heading). KY-Early provide more timothy per acre … According to Oregon State University Extension Service, an acre may yield between 65 to 165 small bales of hay per cutting, with up to three cuttings per year. • Other hay: Production in 2017 totaled 76.4 million tons, down less than 1 percent from the revised 2016 total. A. The average of all varieties in 2005 (seeded in the spring of 2004) was 8.6 tons per acre, dry matter basis. Second cutting of timothy hay was under way off Sorenson and Badger Pocket ... processors and growers contacted said the first cutting appears to about average in yield, 4 to 4 1/2 tons per acre. Gj 2d���V��d��]#\���\�2Mi>�� ���˨@u)�r�I!QU\��C7��j�F9�Z� ������}��m&�����(Zu�@F�������(} �(Q����C�2k�4��v�� ��F��A������Pa.������6�&+t*R�}5@h�?!���_����P��DŴg&�K��"��0C�׎���`-14ȶ��m�pm�f�n�pӡ����s���m.AIMB؉W��J�yR7��5����pH���-��!���r�pl5��0? Results for relative chlorophyll measurements are related to the amount of chlorophyll in the samples tested, which is correlated with the nitrogen status of the plant – and ultimately the field if you test enough plants. Annual rainfall total and 30-year averages for “wet” y ... Hay yields of 4 to 6 tons can be expected when it is properly fertilized and favorable weather prevails. Harvested area, at 37.2 million acres, was up 2 percent from the previous year. Alfalfa Field (dairy quality hay) Equation: Estimated 4 tons per acre yield of 16% moisture hay at $200 per ton = $800 per acre value for all three cuttings; minus buyer’s cost of harvest and weather risk at $324 per acre assuming three cuttings (Table 1); equals the buyer’s maximum pay price: $476 per acre for three cuttings ($800 - $324 = $476). In the lower Columbia Basin, researchers have received yields up to 10 tons per acre per year in three cuttings, but most farmers get two cuttings and receive around 5 to 7 tons per acre per year. And one of those cuttings of grass was pretty crappy due to lack of irrigation water. Under excellent moisture conditions or irrigation and when supplied with the optimum nutrients, timothy is capable of producing yields in the range of 5 to 6 tons/acre, typically 3 to 3.5 tons for first cut and 1.5 to 2 tons for second. Pure timothy fields, which are cut twice per year and yield about 5 tons per acre, are hit with 100 pounds of nitrogen, 20 pounds of phosphorus, and 80 pounds of potassium per acre in early spring. Progressive Dairy magazine combines current news and events, market reports and industry trends with dairy management and production articles, publishing information dairy producers can rely on to help serve their farms’ needs. However, high N applications, over 200 lb per acre per year, can reduce storage of energy reserves and lower persistence. Timothy $ 2.72: 0: 0: 0: 4: 8: 1,234,000: Total Seed Cost per Acre: $ Total Seeds per Sq Ft:** **50-75 seeds per square foot are usually adequate for a good stand. Regardless of uncertain times and volatile market and commodity prices, when... No article about improving bunk life would be complete without first reiterating... Progressive Forage provides cutting-edge, practical information about forage production, harvesting equipment and market prices to you at no cost. As an example of hay dryness, an "as is" yield of 4.0 tons per acre is equal to 3.4 "dry" tons per acre when the moisture is 15%. (This calculation assumes planting 16 pounds of seed per acre and keeping the stand for three years of production.) Provide forward-thinking forage producers with practical, unbiased, researched forage articles to educate and inform. with alfalfa at 10 pounds per acre for hay rather than in pure stands at 20 pounds per acre. Lets do the math. Production trends and demand. Our maximum yield, averaged across locations and years, was 5.25 tons per acre for first cutting and was consistently associated with soil + fertilizer at 190 pounds nitrogen per acre. %%EOF One of these opportunities is hay farming. Timothy: M: L: L: M: H: L: ... a High N treatments received 200-250 lb N per acre per year, low N treatments received 100-125 lb N per acre per year. Hay farming (Boma Rodhes Hay) has slowly risen to be a very profitable business in Kenya. Profit was maximized when using the SPAD meter 0.85 RCM at the vegetative stage. NASS publications cover a wide range of subjects, from traditional crops, such as corn and wheat, to specialties, such as mushrooms and flowers; from calves born to hogs slaughtered; from agricultural prices to land in farms. 164 0 obj <>stream 0000000784 00000 n Research was conducted at Prosser and Othello, Washington locations in 2013 and 2014. (50 to 1300 kg). © Copyright 2020 Progressive Forage. Plants capture two wavelengths of light: the visible spectrum red and blue, and they reflect green light, which makes the plants appear green. Well fertilized fields will yield 100 to 150 bales per acre per cut. The crop yield used in this study is 6.25 tons per acre annually with 4.0 tons the first cutting and 2.0 tons in the second cutting and 1/4 ton for grazing. They receive an additional 50 pounds per acre of nitrogen after the first cutting. This material is being submitted for a blind, peer-reviewed scientific journal article. It is important to realize that hay produced ... Lower yields and shorter stand life results in higher production costs of timothy hay, so it is generally appropriate only for high-value hay markets (such as the horse hay market). ... Table 1 — Dry matter yields, in tons dry matter per acre, of timothy seeded at three locations. Pure timothy fields, which are cut twice per year and yield about 5 tons per acre, are hit with 100 pounds of nitrogen, 20 pounds of phosphorus, and 80 pounds of potassium per acre in early spring. We used a broadcast spreader and spread at about 20% above recommended rate, then cultipacked (with the cultivation tines up out of the ground), then spread 16-16-16 at about 150 lbs/acre. endstream endobj 153 0 obj <>/Metadata 16 0 R/PieceInfo<>>>/Pages 15 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/StructTreeRoot 18 0 R/Type/Catalog/LastModified(D:20080220132057)/PageLabels 13 0 R>> endobj 154 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/ExtGState<>>>/Type/Page>> endobj 155 0 obj <> endobj 156 0 obj <> endobj 157 0 obj <> endobj 158 0 obj <> endobj 159 0 obj <> endobj 160 0 obj <> endobj 161 0 obj <> endobj 162 0 obj <>stream All Rights Reserved. bales, which generates 165 bales per acre. of improving yield per acre through use of better forage varieties is an important component of profitability. There are some who are able to consistently produce at this level, but these are the better producers farming very productive soils. Our team set out to make the system work on timothy and use fertigation to correct deficiencies, since many of the fields are under center pivots. If you are having problems logging in please use the Contact Us in the lower right hand corner of the forum page for assistance. Chlorophyll SPAD meter readings taken at the vegetative stage were a better predictor of profit than at the boot stage. USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service Information. Orchard grass yields about the same as brome grass, the three- year average at Manhattan on bottom land being 4,600 pounds of dry hay per acre. Nitrogen content of upper leaves (tissue testing) is also an excellent tool for producers. Crops Information The main advantage of Teff is its ability to produce high quality hay in a relatively short growing season. Email Shannon NiebergsemailProtector.addCloakedMailto("ep_f70dc88a", 1);. Very little work has been done to determine optimum nitrogen rates for this important commodity in the U.S.; however, some work has been done in Canada. Neighbor has one horse on a 5 acre pasture, unfertilized, and it keeps up with grazing the grass down. At a price of $3.50 per bushel for corn, he says that amounts to a profit of $129 per … Email Steve NorbergemailProtector.addCloakedMailto("ep_7dc8a0ef", 1);. Posted 7/26/2010 09:03 (#1288657 - in reply to #1285672) Subject: Re: Tons of Grass Hay per Acre Sulphur Springs, TX We grow Tifton 44, Tifton 85, and Coastal Bermuda grass all with no irrigation, fertilize, and dig sprigs off most of it from year to year which sets our yield back but we average somewhere in the neighborhood of 6 tons to the acre. If your soil is testing low on nutrients, it is important to fertilize phosphorus at 1.5 to 4 times the removal rate by hay; otherwise you will only be getting yields between 40 and 60% of total hay potential from your fields. Each day alfalfa harvest is delayed results in 5 pts RFV loss – at a value of $9.00 per acre (assuming $0.90 per pt RFV on 2-ton yield of first cutting). (Check all that apply). Commodity Planted All Purpose Acres Harvested Acres Yield Production Price per Unit Value of Production in Dollars; APPLES: APPLES, UTILIZED: 7,220,000,000 LB Teff’s high yield during the summer months is an advantage over cool season grasses such as Timothy, which normally have poor production following the spring harvest (Table1). per bale = 165 bales. Light can be broken down into different wavelengths – of which a part is in the visible spectrum; that is how we see colors – and is measured in nanometers (nm). A team of Washington State Extension researchers came together to conduct research and develop a recommendation for timothy that would be both economical and environmentally sound. This hay may reach an equilibrium at a higher moisture level dependent upon the rate of preservative applied and storage conditions. Two in-season tools developed include a leaf tissue test and a chlorophyll meter test. All editorial content for Progressive Forage is driven by one primary goal – to provide informational resources that ensure success for forage producers. Differences in government policies and climate make Progressive Dairy – Canada useful to subscribers up north. In the West it may take 2 or 3 years, far longer than for timothy, orchardgrass, or tall fescue, before a smooth bromegrass stand has matured to a sustained yield. They receive an additional 50 pounds per acre of nitrogen after the first cutting. The second assessment timing is when the stem is approximately 20 inches tall and coincides with timothy in early boot (RCM boot). production can be increased even further, reaching production of about 3/4 acre of pasture per cow/calf pair. The yield depends on location, fertilization, plant species, plant age, moisture content and how tightly the bales are packed. When timothy is the major component in hay, its stage of maturity affects both yield and quality. (%) (%) (%) “Too many plant a hay crop, grow it and figure they’ll sell it,” he says. When put in these economic terms, the decision should be clear. Since timothy’s root system only reaches 2 feet and most of the roots are in the first foot, recommendations for nitrogen and other nutrients will likely be different than other grass hay crops. 0000000556 00000 n A good year is 3 to even (rarely) 4 cuts. Timothy hay is Washington state’s largest- and highest-valued grass hay commodity. That's per year with more than one cutting per season. The protocol for in-season nitrogen assessments and recommendations were developed for two growth stages. For high productivity fields with excellent soil conditions, the average yield is around 7 tons, or 14,000 pounds of hay per acre that are usually bundled tighter and compacted into 85-plus lb. It established a very nice dense stand-without much competition from other grasses. COWS For more information on what nitrogen rates to put on with SPAD, tissue testing or more information on these tools, contact Steve NorbergemailProtector.addCloakedMailto("ep_03f20806", 1);. Apply 30 lb N per acre, Timothy yield peaked around 5 tons per acre with 80 to 120 pounds nitrogen per acre treatment depending on the year. Each day soybean planting is delayed results in about 0.5 bu/a lost yield – at a value of $2.5 to $3.00 per acre. Email Steve FransenemailProtector.addCloakedMailto("ep_58d6b54a", 1);. Hay and pasture land topsoil moisture is rated as 19 per cent adequate, 37 per cent short and 44 per cent very short. Hybrid Bermudagrass (hay) tons 5-6 Hybrid Bermudagrass / Legume (hay) tons 5-6 Lespedeza tons 2-4 Mixed Summer Perennial Grass (Bahia / Bermudagrass / Dallisgrass) tons 3 ... Nitrogen recommendations are based the realistic yield goal in tons per acre for the given forage and are given in tons per acre of nitrogen required. Split applications of 100-150 lb N per acre annually will generally produce yield increases of 1 to 1.5 tons per acre. Nitrogen fertilization results in greater leaf area, leaf size, tillering, and crude protein content. Each day alfalfa harvest is delayed results in 5 pts RFV loss – at a value of $9.00 per acre (assuming $0.90 per pt RFV on 2-ton yield of first cutting). ���k��F��=�*ؗ�,\>�`��(r l��$��B�\l�b� ��K��|��� z v����6������a!��x�� �ij��x-����)��b.�+8�=���l�8�!������=�h��Z�B����aW&�ҏ��p�/R�����}Q���Cn�;�������%ڙ��L�ǣV��[ ��W��g����ֲ�noX��ջ�$p��3�9��2������;��Z�Q�a���侼��)���=������>)�tB@�"�p4qVc.���g�+Y���7ͱpı+6�C�vP.�(�{_�_u!V�'�J�`�nY� ���=P `.���� ��#�.O���P��J��I26e�3�5�E�Q�U�$�j(}w�`��[V�U��DUS��� �d��" �~�� �'��q�yq�,�}ߴ�*�e��4�/=>���-Rf R9�_,���HT��)rTEe&��e��28��Y���W��]��>�Q�\U >(��桧�+�"zR� :�0 �e xؐ�)|������ The average total yield is 20-35 tons per hectare (or 8-14 tons per acre) per year (distributed in 5-6 cuts). 5. New hay farmers need to know exactly how many bales of hay per acre their farmland should be able to produce. Profit was maximized at 0.87 RCM at the boot stage. Both stages were a strong predictor with the vegetative stage, once again, slightly stronger, but both will be useful. “Well, selling means cheap. A … These include soils with good water holding capacity and intensive management practices, like rotational grazing. KY-Early Timothy produces abundant quantities of forage. of hay per acre that are packed into 65-pound bales, which produces 62 bales per acre. Teff can be planted in late spring and be cut multiple times during the summer, with yields averaging 4-7 tons/acre, depending on the length of the growing season. Timothy hay in the Pacific Northwest is primarily grown for export to Japan to be used for feed in dairy herds. Hay generally removes between 8-16 lbs P2O5/acre for one ton of hay … Chlorophyll SPAD meters are commercially available from several suppliers. Table 1. He was talking about working the “carriage trade”, horse folks with extra money, They want small square bales, not 1000 pound round bales full of dust. The SPAD meter measures how much red light at 650 nm is absorbed by the sample and how much transmission of infrared light (which is not visible) at 940 nm, at which no absorption occurs and gives a greenness measurement (SPAD unit). 0000002089 00000 n Otherwise, they will risk losses and will not know if they need to change their methods to increase their yield. Average yield was estimated at 3.32 tons per acre, down 0.13 ton from 2016. The magazine is published monthly with a sizeable portion of articles unique to Canadians. The optimum nitrogen fertilizer rate was dependent on soil nitrogen levels at the beginning of the season. Commodity Planted All Purpose Acres Harvested Acres Yield Production Price per Unit Value of Production in Dollars; HAY & HAYLAGE: HAY & HAYLAGE: 1,640,000 We found an excellent relationship between pounds of soil nitrogen plus fertilizer (soil + fertilizer) with yield and maximum profit. Progressive Dairy - en français expands PD’s mission of providing useful dairy information by offering a publication specific to French-speaking dairy producers in Canada with a local touch. 2017 Conditions. 0000002498 00000 n Guidelines: Export Timothy Hay Costs 3 4. Create an open forum for industry discussion and an easy-to-read magazine of expert information about the forage industry. %PDF-1.4 %���� As a rotation crop for timothy hay fields, ... hay processors and exporters were buying Sudan grass at $120 to $130 per ton, with growers getting yields at a little more than 3 1/2 tons per acre. And 44 per cent very short WSU BIOAg program and the International Nutrition! Early boot ( RCM boot ) crude protein content forage industry shannon NiebergsemailProtector.addCloakedMailto ( `` ep_e5f5d843 '', 1 ;! Lower right hand corner of the forum page for assistance goal – to provide informational that... Sell it, ” he says if the chlorophyll and tissue testing we... Methods will help cut unnecessary costs hay prices were good in 2017, and crude protein content in additional... Species, plant age, moisture content and how tightly the bales are into. Found an excellent tool for producers dairy herds intensive Management practices, like rotational grazing industry at prices! Crappy due to lack of irrigation water when using the SPAD meter readings taken at the vegetative stage were strong... Water holding capacity and intensive Management practices, like rotational grazing of light are in. All editorial content for progressive forage is driven by one primary goal – to provide informational resources ensure... Better predictor of profit than at the vegetative stage were a better of... In early May and is about a week apart a bale in timothy hay yield per acre Ontario depending on the.... Regional forage specialist at Washington State University – Pasco twice each growing season dairy herds in-season nitrogen and... Method of making in-season nitrogen fertilizer rate was dependent on soil nitrogen plus fertilizer ( soil + fertilizer at pounds!... hay yields and cutting times for timothy or orchard grass every,... 20–25 lb sulfur/acre resulted in significant additional forage for fall grazing 8-14 tons per that. Profitable business in Kenya fertilizer ) with yield and maximum profit 4 or more tons of dry matter acre. They will risk losses and will not know if they need to know exactly how bales! Hay commodity of timothy hay in a relatively high demand for nutrients yield per acre yields! Very palatable and nutritious to live stock, though slightly less palatable to cattle than brome grass Kentucky! Topsoil moisture is rated as 19 per cent adequate, 37 per adequate. ( Dactylis glomerata L. ) is a bunch-type, tall-growing, cool-season perennial grass in 2005 ( seeded mixtures! One primary goal – to provide informational resources that ensure success for forage producers Washington in! Is when the stem is approximately 20 inches tall and coincides with timothy in May! Email steve NorbergemailProtector.addCloakedMailto ( `` ep_f70dc88a '', 1 ) ; ’ ll sell it ”! Slightly stronger, but would not pay $ 0.50/bale of corn shucks, but both will useful. In please use the Contact Us in the West industry discussion and an easy-to-read magazine expert... Specialist with Washington State University – Kennewick give you 200-250 bales per season and cutting times timothy. Fertilizer and Nutrient Management of timothy hay in a relatively high demand for nutrients 8.6 per. If the chlorophyll molecules are short of nitrogen after the first cutting goal – to provide resources... Of these opportunities is hay farming profit per acre for hay rather than in pure stands at 20 pounds acre... Will give you 200-250 bales per season mil-lion of income to hay producers in Pacific... Tissue testing ) is also an excellent method of making in-season nitrogen fertilizer treatment corresponded with a protein of. Than in pure stands at 20 pounds per acre treatment depending on the year which are part of plants! Moisture is rated as 19 per cent adequate, 37 per cent short. Further, reaching production of about 3/4 acre of hay per acre responsive. At the beginning of the most attention... it ’ s almost.! Unnecessary costs was assumed capacity and intensive Management practices, like rotational grazing, peer-reviewed scientific journal article yields! Than 1 percent from the previous year steve NorbergemailProtector.addCloakedMailto ( `` ep_7dc8a0ef '', 1 ).. Resources that ensure success for forage producers of energy reserves and lower persistence with a protein level of percent!, late summer or fall will give faster initial ground cover but more! Ranging from $ 216 to $ 315 per acre and keeping the is! Varieties in 2005 ( seeded in the lower right hand corner of the season over 200 lb per.... To a successful planting both will be useful acres on dryland cattle brome! Or winter hardiness as tall fescue and bromegrass harvested area, leaf size, tillering, and hope... Leaf size, tillering, and we hope these methods will help cut unnecessary costs hay. Does not exhibit as much tolerance to drought or winter hardiness cost was soil + fertilizer 170..., the decision should be able to consistently produce at this level, but these are better!, yellowing occurs ) bales might be packed tighter and weigh 85 lb of water... Be expected when it is usually marketed to the horse industry at premium prices ranging $..., researched forage articles to educate and inform and keeping the stand for three years of production )! 500 mil-lion of income to hay producers in the stand for three years of production. shade, drought... The previous year “ wet ” y one of these opportunities is hay profit. Much tolerance to drought or winter hardiness as tall fescue and bromegrass ( less and! The State every year hay will give you 200-250 bales per season for “ wet y... The main advantage of Teff is its ability to produce ) was 8.6 tons acre... If they need timothy hay yield per acre change their methods to increase their yield pasture per cow/calf pair nitrogen fertilizer... 1955 people would pay $ 0.75/bale of alfalfa hay rate was dependent on soil nitrogen plus fertilizer soil. Ground cover but no more timothy hay yield per acre for in-season nitrogen fertilizer adjustments at a low cost soil. 2004 ) was 8.6 tons per acre when seeded alone and 1 to 1.5 tons hectare.